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Add loss policies to NoiseConfig to express different kinds of behavior on lost qubits#3302

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oscarpuente/qubit-loss-policies
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Add loss policies to NoiseConfig to express different kinds of behavior on lost qubits#3302
orpuente-MS wants to merge 8 commits into
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oscarpuente/qubit-loss-policies

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With this change, users are able to specify how gates should behave if at least one of their qubit operands is lost. Below is a comprehensive example, showing all 5 loss policies.

from qdk.simulation import NoiseConfig, LossPolicy
qir = ...

noise = NoiseConfig() 
noise.cz.on_loss  = LossPolicy.SKIP               # if one of the qubits is lost, skip the unitary
noise.cx.on_loss  = LossPolicy.PROPAGATE          # if one of the qubits is lost, loose the other one
noise.rxx.on_loss = LossPolicy.DEGRADE            # degrade to a single qubit gate: rx
noise.ryy.on_loss = LossPolicy.RESIDUAL_S_DAGGER  # apply an S_DAG to the remaining qubits
noise.rzz.on_loss = LossPolicy.APPLY_ANYWAY       # apply unitary anyways

# Works with all simulator types, in any profile.
run_qir(qir, shots=100, noise=noise, type="clifford")

@orpuente-MS orpuente-MS marked this pull request as ready for review June 12, 2026 20:01
Comment thread source/qdk_package/tests/test_simulators_gates_noisy.py Outdated
@pytest.mark.parametrize("sim_type", LOSS_POLICY_SIM_TYPES)
def test_on_loss_swap_skip_keeps_state_but_swaps_loss_flag(sim_type):
# Overriding `swap.on_loss` to SKIP skips the SWAP unitary, but the loss
# flag is still exchanged. qs[0] keeps its reset |0> and qs[1] becomes lost.

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This one is interesting. Worth discussing more. Seems odd you would skip the unitary (which swaps the state) but still swap which is lost. Not sure if that would be physically possible.

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Mmh, maybe the behavior here should be:

  • SKIP doesn't apply the unitary nor exchanges loss flags.
  • APPLY_ANYWAY applies the unitary and exchanges the loss flags.

Comment thread source/simulators/src/gpu_full_state_simulator/common.wgsl
Comment thread source/simulators/src/gpu_full_state_simulator/common.wgsl Outdated
Comment thread source/simulators/src/gpu_full_state_simulator/gpu_context.rs Outdated
Comment thread source/simulators/src/cpu_full_state_simulator.rs Outdated
self.state.apply_unitary(UnitaryOp::ControlledX, &[q2, q1]);
}
}
} else {

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In a number of these, you're not applying idle noise on the other qubit.

Also, for ApplyAnyway (which we should discuss further as it doesn't make much sense to me), should you also be applying idle noise anyway to the lost qubits?

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Added the missing idle noise applications.

We can discuss removing the ApplyAnyway policy.

Comment thread source/simulators/src/gpu_full_state_simulator/common.wgsl Outdated
Comment thread source/simulators/src/gpu_full_state_simulator/common.wgsl Outdated
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