🌞 MPPT Algorithm for PV Solar System

A MATLAB & Simulink implementation of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system for a photovoltaic (PV) array using the Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm.

The project models the electrical characteristics of a solar PV panel, implements MPPT logic, designs a boost converter in Simulink, and evaluates system performance under varying environmental conditions.

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📸 Project Preview

Simulink MPPT System

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MATLAB PV Characteristics

I–V Curve	P–V Curve

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📌 Features

• PV mathematical model
• I–V characteristic curve generation
• P–V characteristic curve generation
• Maximum Power Point (MPP) detection
• Perturb & Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm
• Boost converter implementation in Simulink
• Performance analysis under varying irradiance
• Performance analysis under varying temperature

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🛠️ Software Used

• MATLAB R2023a
• Simulink
• Simscape Electrical

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📂 Project Structure

MPPT-Algorithm-PV/
│
├── matlab/
│   ├── main.m
│   ├── pv_model.m
│   ├── iv_curve.m
│   ├── pv_curve.m
│   └── mppt_po.m
│
├── simulink/
│   ├── MPPT_System.slx
│   └── mppt_po.slx
│
├── images/
│   ├── matlab/
│   └── simulink/
│
├── docs/
│
├── report/
│
├── LICENSE
└── README.md

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MATLAB Implementation

The MATLAB portion of the project includes:

• PV array mathematical model
• Current–Voltage (I–V) characteristics
• Power–Voltage (P–V) characteristics
• Maximum Power Point calculation
• Perturb & Observe duty cycle algorithm

Example output:

• PV I–V Curve
• PV P–V Curve
• Maximum Power Point
• Voltage at MPP
• Current at MPP

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Simulink Model

The Simulink implementation consists of:

• PV Array
• Boost Converter
• MOSFET Switching Circuit
• Inductor
• Diode
• Output Capacitor
• Resistive Load
• Voltage Measurement
• Current Measurement
• MATLAB Function Block implementing the P&O MPPT algorithm

The controller continuously adjusts the converter duty cycle to operate the PV array at its Maximum Power Point.

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Simulation Results

Irradiance Analysis

Temperature kept constant at 25°C.

Irradiance (W/m²)	Observation
1000	Maximum output power
800	Output current decreases
600	Reduced power generation
400	Stable MPPT operation
200	Lowest power output while maintaining tracking

Observed behaviour:

• PV voltage remains nearly constant.
• PV current decreases with irradiance.
• Output power decreases proportionally.
• MPPT maintains stable operation.

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Temperature Analysis

Irradiance kept constant at 1000 W/m².

Temperature (°C)	Observation
25	Highest output power
35	Slight decrease in voltage
45	Further voltage reduction
55	Lowest voltage and power output

Observed behaviour:

• PV voltage decreases as temperature increases.
• PV current changes only slightly.
• Output power decreases.
• MPPT successfully tracks the operating point.

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Results

The implemented Perturb & Observe MPPT controller successfully tracks the Maximum Power Point under different irradiance and temperature conditions.

Simulation results demonstrate:

• Stable converter operation
• Fast convergence
• Reliable MPP tracking
• Expected photovoltaic characteristics

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Future Improvements

• Incremental Conductance MPPT
• Fuzzy Logic MPPT
• Artificial Neural Network based MPPT
• Partial Shading Detection
• Battery Charging Integration
• Real-time Hardware Implementation using Arduino/STM32

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How to Run

MATLAB

Run:

main

Simulink

Open:

MPPT_System.slx

Click Run to start the simulation.

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Repository

git clone https://github.com/Shv8ank/MPPT-Algorithm-PV.git