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add FastAPI cheatsheet#454

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add FastAPI cheatsheet#454
palak1-2 wants to merge 4 commits into
LeCoupa:masterfrom
palak1-2:master

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What this PR does

Adds a comprehensive FastAPI cheatsheet at backend/fastapi.py and updates the README with a link to it.

Why FastAPI?

  • FastAPI is one of the most popular and fastest-growing Python backend frameworks
  • The repo already has Django and Laravel as backend frameworks β€” FastAPI is the natural missing Python backend
  • Consistently ranks in the top 5 most loved frameworks in the Stack Overflow Developer Survey

What's covered

  • Installation & app setup
  • Path operations (GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE)
  • Path & query parameters
  • Request body with Pydantic models & validation
  • Response models & status codes
  • HTTP exceptions & custom error handlers
  • Headers, cookies, forms & file uploads
  • Dependency injection
  • Security & authentication (OAuth2, HTTP Basic)
  • Background tasks
  • Middleware (CORS, GZip, custom)
  • Routers for splitting routes across files
  • Lifespan events (startup/shutdown)
  • Async support
  • Custom responses (HTML, File, Stream, Redirect)
  • Testing with TestClient

## What this PR does
Adds a comprehensive FastAPI cheatsheet at `backend/fastapi.py` and updates the README with a link to it.

## Why FastAPI?
- FastAPI is one of the most popular and fastest-growing Python backend frameworks
- The repo already has Django and Laravel as backend frameworks β€” FastAPI is the natural missing Python backend
- Consistently ranks in the top 5 most loved frameworks in the Stack Overflow Developer Survey

## What's covered
- Installation & app setup
- Path operations (GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE)
- Path & query parameters
- Request body with Pydantic models & validation
- Response models & status codes
- HTTP exceptions & custom error handlers
- Headers, cookies, forms & file uploads
- Dependency injection
- Security & authentication (OAuth2, HTTP Basic)
- Background tasks
- Middleware (CORS, GZip, custom)
- Routers for splitting routes across files
- Lifespan events (startup/shutdown)
- Async support
- Custom responses (HTML, File, Stream, Redirect)
- Testing with TestClient
### πŸ“Œ Overview
This PR fixes multiple issues in the existing `java.md` cheatsheet and significantly expands it to provide a more complete, accurate, and beginner-friendly Java reference.

---

### πŸ› Bug Fixes
- Fixed missing `{` in `HelloWorld.java` `main` method body
- Fixed incorrect `System.out.print(String s)` syntax in Printing section
- Corrected typo in Math library: `dobule` β†’ `double`
- Fixed incorrect `public Class Math` usage and replaced with proper method-based examples
- Fixed typo `s.chartAt(4)` β†’ `s.charAt(4)`
- Corrected `float` data type description (was incorrectly labeled as integers)
- Fixed infinite loop in `while` loop example by adding missing update statement
- Fixed multiple typos in OOP section:
  - "Drwaing" β†’ "Drawing"
  - "lovender" β†’ "lavender"
- Fixed incomplete `Iterable` example (missing iterator implementation context)
- Added missing `byte` primitive type to data types table

---

### ✨ Enhancements to Existing Sections
- Added Increment & Decrement operators (`++`, `--`)
- Added Ternary operator under conditional statements
- Added `break` and `continue` loop control statements
- Extended Stack and Queue API with `peek()` operation
- Improved Access Modifiers section with a full visibility matrix
- Expanded Non-Access Modifiers section with clear explanations

---

### πŸ†• New Sections Added
| Section | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| **String Methods** | Common String operations like `substring`, `equals`, `replace`, etc. |
| **Exception Handling** | `try-catch-finally`, `throw`, custom exceptions, and common exception types |
| **Collections Framework** | Usage of `List`, `Set`, `Map`, `Queue`, and `Stack` with examples |
| **Generics** | Generic classes, methods, and bounded type parameters |
| **Lambda Expressions & Streams** | Functional programming concepts including `map`, `filter`, `reduce`, and method references |

All new sections follow the existing formatting style and include concise, practical code examples.

---

### βœ… Checklist
- [x] Fixed syntax and factual errors
- [x] Improved clarity and consistency
- [x] Added commonly used Java topics
- [x] Ensured all examples are valid and runnable
- [x] Maintained consistent formatting style across the file

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