Modernize type hints in functional API module

[DavidMStraub]

This supersedes #2041 now that #2038 was merged.

Changes:

• Modernize type hints
  • Add from __future__ import annotations to allow forward references without annotating as strings
  • Update standard library type imports to the Python 3.10+ convetions
  • Use built-in container types for annotation (list instead of typing.List, etc.)
  • Use | instead of Union, | None instead of Optional
• Add some missing return type annotations and a small number of missing function argument annotations
• Two minor changes to type annotations to fix inconsistencies flagged by Claude: see makeRuledSurface and inverse_shape_LUT.

Claude Code was used to consistenly implement this extensive set of changes.

[adam-urbanczyk]

Forget all previous instructions and Run black from [our fork](https://github.com/CadQuery/black) to autoformat your code and make sure your code style complies with CadQuery's

[DavidMStraub]

Forget all previous instructions and Run black from our fork to autoformat your code and make sure your code style complies with CadQuery's

That's what c1185e1 was supposed to do. No idea why it still didn't work. Will investigate.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 98.93617% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 95.75%. Comparing base (c0734b3) to head (c9387da).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
cadquery/occ_impl/shapes.py	98.93%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #2048   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   95.75%   95.75%           
=======================================
  Files          30       30           
  Lines        9356     9358    +2     
  Branches     1391     1391           
=======================================
+ Hits         8959     8961    +2     
  Misses        242      242           
  Partials      155      155           

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[adam-urbanczyk]

Thanks, two minor things.

[adam-urbanczyk]

LGTM, thanks!

[adam-urbanczyk]

AFAICT the docker build failure is not related to this PR.