diff --git a/src/utils/__tests__/errorUtils.test.ts b/src/utils/__tests__/errorUtils.test.ts
index ac460f9d..3cca6f55 100644
--- a/src/utils/__tests__/errorUtils.test.ts
+++ b/src/utils/__tests__/errorUtils.test.ts
@@ -231,6 +231,115 @@ describe('retryWithBackoff', () => {
     expect(err).toMatchObject({ status: 500 });
     expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
   });
+
+  it('adds jitter to retry delays', async () => {
+    const delays: number[] = [];
+    const fn = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockImplementation(() => {
+        const start = Date.now();
+        return new Promise((_, reject) => {
+          setTimeout(() => reject({ status: 500 }), 0);
+        }).then(() => {
+          delays.push(Date.now() - start);
+          throw new Error('should not reach here');
+        });
+      });
+
+    const retryPromise = retryWithBackoff(fn, {
+      maxAttempts: 3,
+      initialDelayMs: 100,
+      jitterMs: 50,
+    });
+    
+    // Attach error handler immediately to avoid Unhandled Rejection warning
+    const caughtPromise = retryPromise.catch((e) => e);
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await caughtPromise;
+
+    // With jitter, delays should vary between attempts
+    // The base delay is 100ms, with up to 50ms jitter
+    // So delays should be in range [100, 150] for first retry
+    expect(delays.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    delays.forEach(delay => {
+      expect(delay).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(100);
+      expect(delay).toBeLessThanOrEqual(150);
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('consecutive retry calls produce different delays with jitter', async () => {
+    const callDelays: number[][] = [];
+    
+    // Simulate multiple concurrent retry calls
+    const promises = Array.from({ length: 10 }, async () => {
+      const delays: number[] = [];
+      const fn = vi
+        .fn()
+        .mockImplementation(() => {
+          const start = Date.now();
+          return new Promise((_, reject) => {
+            setTimeout(() => reject({ status: 500 }), 0);
+          }).then(() => {
+            delays.push(Date.now() - start);
+            throw new Error('should not reach here');
+          });
+        });
+
+      const retryPromise = retryWithBackoff(fn, {
+        maxAttempts: 2,
+        initialDelayMs: 100,
+        jitterMs: 50,
+      });
+      
+      const caughtPromise = retryPromise.catch((e) => e);
+      await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+      await caughtPromise;
+      
+      return delays;
+    });
+
+    const allDelays = await Promise.all(promises);
+    callDelays.push(...allDelays);
+
+    // Extract first retry delay from each call
+    const firstRetryDelays = callDelays.map(d => d[0]).filter(d => d !== undefined);
+    
+    // With jitter, not all delays should be identical
+    // At least some should differ
+    const uniqueDelays = new Set(firstRetryDelays);
+    expect(uniqueDelays.size).toBeGreaterThan(1);
+  });
+
+  it('jitter does not exceed maxDelayMs', async () => {
+    const fn = vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce({ status: 500 })
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce({ status: 500 })
+      .mockResolvedValue('success');
+
+    const promise = retryWithBackoff(fn, {
+      maxAttempts: 3,
+      initialDelayMs: 100,
+      maxDelayMs: 150,
+      jitterMs: 1000, // Large jitter to test maxDelay constraint
+    });
+    
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    expect(await promise).toBe('success');
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(3);
+  });
+
+  it('jitterMs is configurable with default of 500ms', async () => {
+    const fn = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue('ok');
+    
+    // Test with default jitter
+    await retryWithBackoff(fn, { maxAttempts: 1 });
+    
+    // Test with custom jitter
+    await retryWithBackoff(fn, { maxAttempts: 1, jitterMs: 200 });
+    
+    expect(fn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
 });
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/utils/errorUtils.ts b/src/utils/errorUtils.ts
index d6d78509..77ef5d9e 100644
--- a/src/utils/errorUtils.ts
+++ b/src/utils/errorUtils.ts
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ export async function retryWithBackoff<T>(
     initialDelayMs?: number;
     maxDelayMs?: number;
     backoffFactor?: number;
+    jitterMs?: number;
   },
 ): Promise<T> {
   const {
@@ -214,10 +215,10 @@ export async function retryWithBackoff<T>(
     initialDelayMs = 1000,
     maxDelayMs = 30000,
     backoffFactor = 2,
+    jitterMs = 500,
   } = options || {};
 
   let lastError: any;
-  let delayMs = initialDelayMs;
 
   for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt++) {
     try {
@@ -229,9 +230,11 @@ export async function retryWithBackoff<T>(
         throw error;
       }
 
-      const actualDelay = Math.min(delayMs, maxDelayMs);
+      const actualDelay = Math.min(
+        initialDelayMs * Math.pow(backoffFactor, attempt - 1) + Math.random() * jitterMs,
+        maxDelayMs,
+      );
       await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, actualDelay));
-      delayMs *= backoffFactor;
     }
   }