diff --git a/.changeset/publish-types-layout.md b/.changeset/publish-types-layout.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..139e4348f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/publish-types-layout.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+"@tko/bind": patch
+"@tko/binding.component": patch
+"@tko/binding.core": patch
+"@tko/binding.foreach": patch
+"@tko/binding.if": patch
+"@tko/binding.template": patch
+"@tko/builder": patch
+"@tko/build.knockout": patch
+"@tko/build.reference": patch
+"@tko/computed": patch
+"@tko/filter.punches": patch
+"@tko/lifecycle": patch
+"@tko/observable": patch
+"@tko/provider": patch
+"@tko/provider.attr": patch
+"@tko/provider.bindingstring": patch
+"@tko/provider.component": patch
+"@tko/provider.databind": patch
+"@tko/provider.multi": patch
+"@tko/provider.mustache": patch
+"@tko/provider.native": patch
+"@tko/provider.virtual": patch
+"@tko/utils": patch
+"@tko/utils.component": patch
+"@tko/utils.functionrewrite": patch
+"@tko/utils.jsx": patch
+"@tko/utils.parser": patch
+---
+
+Publish generated `types/` folders for all public packages and both bundled builds, and advertise those declarations through package `types` metadata and `exports` conditions so consumer imports resolve the shipped type surface instead of repo-only sources.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint-and-typecheck.yml b/.github/workflows/lint-and-typecheck.yml
index b3fd0b3eb..798782a11 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint-and-typecheck.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint-and-typecheck.yml
@@ -32,3 +32,6 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Typecheck
         run: bunx tsc
+
+      - name: Verify types (smoke test .d.ts)
+        run: bun run verify:types
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index bd410d818..8a547d8ac 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ COVERAGE.md
 builds/**/meta
 .nyc_output
 **/dist/*
+packages/*/types/*
+builds/*/types/*
 !packages/tko/dist/*
 
 *-debug.log
diff --git a/builds/knockout/package.json b/builds/knockout/package.json
index eaaff8984..1d45478e1 100644
--- a/builds/knockout/package.json
+++ b/builds/knockout/package.json
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
     ]
   },
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "licenses": [
     {
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.mjs"
     }
@@ -71,5 +73,6 @@
     "mvvm",
     "data-binding",
     "compatible"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/builds/knockout/src/index.ts b/builds/knockout/src/index.ts
index 81ebf0c67..05b3e3edf 100644
--- a/builds/knockout/src/index.ts
+++ b/builds/knockout/src/index.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@ const expressionRewriting = {
   preProcessBindings: s => dataBindProvider.preProcessBindings(s)
 }
 
+type KnockoutBuildExtensions = {
+  version: string
+  components: typeof components
+  Component: typeof components.ComponentABC
+  expressionRewriting: typeof expressionRewriting
+}
+
 const provider = new MultiProvider({
   providers: [new ComponentProvider(), dataBindProvider, new VirtualProvider(), new AttributeProvider()]
 })
@@ -47,9 +54,11 @@ const builder = new Builder({
 })
 
 const version = BUILD_VERSION
-export default builder.create({
+const knockoutBuild: KnockoutBuildExtensions = {
   version,
   components,
   Component: components.ComponentABC,
   expressionRewriting
-})
+}
+
+export default builder.create(knockoutBuild)
diff --git a/builds/reference/package.json b/builds/reference/package.json
index a696d4083..33ad19a37 100644
--- a/builds/reference/package.json
+++ b/builds/reference/package.json
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
     "@tko/utils": "^4.1.0"
   },
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "homepage": "https://tko.io",
   "licenses": [
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.mjs"
     }
@@ -59,5 +61,6 @@
     "mvvm",
     "tsx",
     "modern"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/builds/reference/src/index.ts b/builds/reference/src/index.ts
index e79cb2001..d6b303b44 100644
--- a/builds/reference/src/index.ts
+++ b/builds/reference/src/index.ts
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ import { bindings as componentBindings } from '@tko/binding.component'
 import { filters } from '@tko/filter.punches'
 
 import components from '@tko/utils.component'
-import { createElement, Fragment } from '@tko/utils.jsx'
-import { JsxObserver } from '@tko/utils.jsx'
+import { createElement, Fragment, render } from '@tko/utils.jsx'
+import type { JsxRenderResult } from '@tko/utils.jsx'
 
 import { options } from '@tko/utils'
 
@@ -27,6 +27,17 @@ declare const BUILD_VERSION: string
 /** Use === and !== instead of == and != in binding expressions */
 options.strictEquality = true
 
+type ReferenceBuildExtensions = {
+  jsx: {
+    createElement: typeof createElement
+    Fragment: typeof Fragment
+    render(jsx: any): JsxRenderResult
+  }
+  components: typeof components
+  version: string
+  Component: typeof components.ComponentABC
+}
+
 const builder = new Builder({
   filters,
   extenders: {},
@@ -54,23 +65,15 @@ const builder = new Builder({
 
 const version = BUILD_VERSION
 
-export default builder.create({
+const referenceBuild: ReferenceBuildExtensions = {
   jsx: {
     createElement,
     Fragment,
-    /** Public render function that converts JSX to DOM nodes */
-    render(jsx: any) {
-      const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment()
-      const observer = new JsxObserver(jsx, fragment)
-      // Return the first child if single node, or the fragment if multiple
-      const node = fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ? fragment.firstChild : fragment
-      return {
-        node,
-        dispose: () => observer.dispose()
-      }
-    }
+    render
   },
   components,
   version,
   Component: components.ComponentABC
-})
+}
+
+export default builder.create(referenceBuild)
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index f4cdeb0a3..1593b1d18 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@
     "url": "https://github.com/knockout/tko.git"
   },
   "scripts": {
-    "build": "bun run --filter './packages/*' build && bun run --filter './builds/*' build",
+    "build": "bun run dts && bun run --filter './packages/*' build && bun run --filter './builds/*' build",
     "test": "bunx @biomejs/biome ci . && bun run build && bunx vitest run",
     "test:ff": "bunx @biomejs/biome ci . && bun run build && VITEST_BROWSERS=firefox bunx vitest run",
     "test:coverage": "bun run build && bunx vitest run --coverage --project browser",
     "tsc": "bunx tsc",
-    "dts": "bunx tsc --build tsconfig.dts.json",
+    "dts": "bun tools/build-dts.ts",
+    "verify:types": "bunx tsc -p tools/types-smoke/tsconfig.json",
     "format": "bunx @biomejs/biome format .",
     "format:fix": "bunx @biomejs/biome format --write .",
     "lint": "bunx @biomejs/biome lint .",
@@ -20,8 +21,8 @@
     "check": "bunx @biomejs/biome check .",
     "knip": "knip",
     "verify:esm": "bun tools/verify-esm-extensions.ts",
-    "verify": "bunx @biomejs/biome check . && bunx tsc && bun run build && bun run verify:esm && bunx vitest run",
-    "clean": "rm -rf packages/*/dist builds/*/dist coverage"
+    "verify": "bunx @biomejs/biome check . && bunx tsc && bun run build && bun run verify:types && bun run verify:esm && bunx vitest run",
+    "clean": "rm -rf packages/*/dist packages/*/types builds/*/dist builds/*/types coverage .dts-tmp"
   },
   "bugs": "https://github.com/knockout/tko/issues",
   "licenses": [
diff --git a/packages/bind/package.json b/packages/bind/package.json
index 435decacb..80b3044cf 100644
--- a/packages/bind/package.json
+++ b/packages/bind/package.json
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
     "@tko/builder": "^4.1.0"
   },
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -47,5 +49,6 @@
     "dom",
     "observable",
     "data-binding"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/binding.component/package.json b/packages/binding.component/package.json
index f94c23c30..610543898 100644
--- a/packages/binding.component/package.json
+++ b/packages/binding.component/package.json
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
     "@tko/utils.jsx": "^4.1.0"
   },
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "homepage": "https://tko.io",
   "licenses": [
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -46,5 +48,6 @@
     "binding",
     "web-components",
     "custom-elements"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/binding.core/package.json b/packages/binding.core/package.json
index fef66bb15..ff5a731cf 100644
--- a/packages/binding.core/package.json
+++ b/packages/binding.core/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "TKO Core bindings",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -37,11 +38,13 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/binding.foreach/package.json b/packages/binding.foreach/package.json
index ee50c181a..b50da1154 100644
--- a/packages/binding.foreach/package.json
+++ b/packages/binding.foreach/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Knockout Foreach Binding",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -36,11 +37,13 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/binding.if/package.json b/packages/binding.if/package.json
index c40bb1d0d..47ee3d989 100644
--- a/packages/binding.if/package.json
+++ b/packages/binding.if/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "TKO conditional (if/ifnot/unless/with/else) bindings",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -36,11 +37,13 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/binding.template/package.json b/packages/binding.template/package.json
index 36e247054..2a35e04fb 100644
--- a/packages/binding.template/package.json
+++ b/packages/binding.template/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "TKO Template bindings",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -37,11 +38,13 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/builder/package.json b/packages/builder/package.json
index 105de0015..14029b0e7 100644
--- a/packages/builder/package.json
+++ b/packages/builder/package.json
@@ -26,10 +26,12 @@
     }
   ],
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -47,5 +49,6 @@
     "builder",
     "framework",
     "customizable"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/builder/src/Builder.ts b/packages/builder/src/Builder.ts
index a5e1da4be..ea5fa7e2d 100644
--- a/packages/builder/src/Builder.ts
+++ b/packages/builder/src/Builder.ts
@@ -312,10 +312,10 @@ export class Builder {
   }
 
   /**
-   * @return {KnockoutInstance} An instance of Knockout.
+   * @return {KnockoutInstance & T} An instance of Knockout with merged extension properties.
    */
-  create(...additionalProperties): KnockoutInstance {
-    const instance: KnockoutInstance = Object.assign(
+  create<T extends object>(additionalProperties: T): KnockoutInstance & T {
+    const instance = Object.assign(
       {
         get getBindingHandler() {
           return options.getBindingHandler
@@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ export class Builder {
       },
       knockout, //never change the order of these
       this.providedProperties,
-      ...additionalProperties
-    )
+      additionalProperties
+    ) as KnockoutInstance & T
 
     instance.options.knockoutInstance = instance
 
diff --git a/packages/computed/package.json b/packages/computed/package.json
index 8043196be..213d1177c 100644
--- a/packages/computed/package.json
+++ b/packages/computed/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "TKO Computed Observables",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
     "@tko/observable": "^4.1.0",
@@ -35,11 +36,13 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/filter.punches/package.json b/packages/filter.punches/package.json
index 1247b1224..f4d55f1cf 100644
--- a/packages/filter.punches/package.json
+++ b/packages/filter.punches/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "TKO filters from knockout punches",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -34,11 +35,13 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/lifecycle/package.json b/packages/lifecycle/package.json
index 2c7a583ee..bb41c09a6 100644
--- a/packages/lifecycle/package.json
+++ b/packages/lifecycle/package.json
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
     "@tko/utils": "^4.1.0"
   },
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "name": "@tko/lifecycle",
   "description": "Knockout LifeCycle for object instances",
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -42,5 +44,6 @@
     "lifecycle",
     "mixin",
     "observable"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/observable/package.json b/packages/observable/package.json
index 6926ade7d..31fb1c5fb 100644
--- a/packages/observable/package.json
+++ b/packages/observable/package.json
@@ -8,12 +8,14 @@
   },
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
   },
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "keywords": [
     "knockout",
@@ -40,5 +42,6 @@
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/provider.attr/package.json b/packages/provider.attr/package.json
index afc7a813b..8933063d7 100644
--- a/packages/provider.attr/package.json
+++ b/packages/provider.attr/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Link HTML attributes (e.g. ko-handler-name) to binding handlers",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -40,5 +42,6 @@
     "provider",
     "attributes",
     "ko-attr"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/provider.bindingstring/package.json b/packages/provider.bindingstring/package.json
index 24aa53651..4ab2ddbf9 100644
--- a/packages/provider.bindingstring/package.json
+++ b/packages/provider.bindingstring/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Abstract Base Class for providers that parse a binding string",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -41,5 +43,6 @@
     "provider",
     "parser",
     "binding-string"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/provider.component/package.json b/packages/provider.component/package.json
index fe5ca559b..9385e950f 100644
--- a/packages/provider.component/package.json
+++ b/packages/provider.component/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Bind custom web components e.g. <custom-binding>",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -45,5 +47,6 @@
     "provider",
     "web-components",
     "custom-elements"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/provider.databind/package.json b/packages/provider.databind/package.json
index 52b3b5377..cfb6d3d34 100644
--- a/packages/provider.databind/package.json
+++ b/packages/provider.databind/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Link HTML attributes based on a `data-bind` HTML attribute",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -41,5 +43,6 @@
     "provider",
     "data-bind",
     "declarative"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/provider.multi/package.json b/packages/provider.multi/package.json
index 9f1066d3e..cef5d1f98 100644
--- a/packages/provider.multi/package.json
+++ b/packages/provider.multi/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Combine multiple other providers into one",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -41,5 +43,6 @@
     "provider",
     "composition",
     "multi-provider"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/provider.mustache/package.json b/packages/provider.mustache/package.json
index c2198e39a..04d581dda 100644
--- a/packages/provider.mustache/package.json
+++ b/packages/provider.mustache/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Interpolate text/node attributes {{ }}",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -36,11 +37,13 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/provider.native/package.json b/packages/provider.native/package.json
index d204b0154..bdd0090d5 100644
--- a/packages/provider.native/package.json
+++ b/packages/provider.native/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Link binding handlers whose value is already attached to the node",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -42,5 +44,6 @@
     "provider",
     "native",
     "jsx"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/provider.virtual/package.json b/packages/provider.virtual/package.json
index 8e1feef6a..f6df87786 100644
--- a/packages/provider.virtual/package.json
+++ b/packages/provider.virtual/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Binding provider for <!-- ko handler: ... --> virtual elements",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "author": "The Knockout Team",
   "license": "MIT",
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -42,5 +44,6 @@
     "provider",
     "virtual-elements",
     "comments"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/provider/package.json b/packages/provider/package.json
index a02244c5a..0b52e5a5d 100644
--- a/packages/provider/package.json
+++ b/packages/provider/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Abstract base class of tko Provider (HTML <-> Data Binding linker)",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "author": "The Knockout Team",
   "license": "MIT",
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -42,5 +44,6 @@
     "provider",
     "binding-provider",
     "abstract"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/utils.component/package.json b/packages/utils.component/package.json
index ede1e5b55..13e5da727 100644
--- a/packages/utils.component/package.json
+++ b/packages/utils.component/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Registry and loading utilities for web components",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -42,5 +44,6 @@
     "components",
     "registry",
     "loader"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/utils.functionrewrite/package.json b/packages/utils.functionrewrite/package.json
index 98c08cf92..39db95095 100644
--- a/packages/utils.functionrewrite/package.json
+++ b/packages/utils.functionrewrite/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Rewrite `function {}` as lambdas (=>)",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {},
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -37,5 +39,6 @@
     "tko",
     "function-rewrite",
     "arrow-functions"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/utils.jsx/package.json b/packages/utils.jsx/package.json
index 16cf3898d..195cba82e 100644
--- a/packages/utils.jsx/package.json
+++ b/packages/utils.jsx/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "TKO JSX Rendering",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -45,5 +47,6 @@
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/utils.jsx/src/index.ts b/packages/utils.jsx/src/index.ts
index 4b3eefdcc..2ab1af172 100644
--- a/packages/utils.jsx/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/utils.jsx/src/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
-export { getOriginalJsxForNode, maybeJsx, createElement, Fragment } from './jsx'
+export { getOriginalJsxForNode, maybeJsx, createElement, Fragment, render } from './jsx'
+export type { JsxRenderResult } from './jsx'
 
 export { default as JsxObserver } from './JsxObserver'
diff --git a/packages/utils.jsx/src/jsx.ts b/packages/utils.jsx/src/jsx.ts
index 378bc771c..e580c99ed 100644
--- a/packages/utils.jsx/src/jsx.ts
+++ b/packages/utils.jsx/src/jsx.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { isObservable, unwrap } from '@tko/observable'
 
-import { ORIGINAL_JSX_SYM } from './JsxObserver'
+import { JsxObserver, ORIGINAL_JSX_SYM } from './JsxObserver'
 
 /**
  *
@@ -55,3 +55,20 @@ export function createElement(elementName, attributes, ...children) {
 }
 
 export const Fragment = Symbol('JSX Fragment')
+
+/** The shape returned by `render()`. */
+export type JsxRenderResult = {
+  node: ChildNode | DocumentFragment | null
+  dispose: () => void
+}
+
+/** Converts JSX to DOM nodes, returning the node and a dispose callback. */
+export function render(jsx: any): JsxRenderResult {
+  const fragment = document.createDocumentFragment()
+  const observer = new JsxObserver(jsx, fragment)
+  const node = fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ? fragment.firstChild : fragment
+  return {
+    node,
+    dispose: () => observer.dispose()
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/utils.parser/package.json b/packages/utils.parser/package.json
index 8e25f0275..1183f02b4 100644
--- a/packages/utils.parser/package.json
+++ b/packages/utils.parser/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "Parse the Javascript-like language used in data-bind and other HTML attributes (CSP-safe)",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "license": "MIT",
   "dependencies": {
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -41,5 +43,6 @@
     "parser",
     "csp-safe",
     "expression"
-  ]
+  ],
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/packages/utils/package.json b/packages/utils/package.json
index b026750d9..073f6dc91 100644
--- a/packages/utils/package.json
+++ b/packages/utils/package.json
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
   "description": "TKO Utilities",
   "type": "module",
   "files": [
-    "dist/"
+    "dist/",
+    "types/"
   ],
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
   ],
   "exports": {
     ".": {
+      "types": "./types/index.d.ts",
       "require": "./dist/index.cjs",
       "import": "./dist/index.js"
     }
@@ -42,5 +44,6 @@
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "scripts": {
     "build": "bun ../../tools/build.ts"
-  }
+  },
+  "types": "./types/index.d.ts"
 }
diff --git a/plans/2026-06-04-dts-types-layout.md b/plans/2026-06-04-dts-types-layout.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b5e8b24a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plans/2026-06-04-dts-types-layout.md
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# Plan: Per-Package Types Output and Reference Build Declarations
+
+## Summary
+
+Replace the current repo-wide declaration emit with a published-layout model:
+
+- every publishable workspace gets a generated `types/` folder
+- `@tko/build.reference` publishes a bundled declaration entry from its own
+  `types/` folder
+- `@tko/build.knockout` publishes declarations for the KO-compatible default
+  import that consumers already use at runtime
+- package manifests advertise the generated declaration files instead of
+  relying on source-only resolution
+
+This is a packaging and build-pipeline change, not a runtime API redesign.
+The goal is to make the shipped type surface match the shipped JS surface.
+
+This plan addresses GitHub issue #384: the 4.x packages are TypeScript-authored
+and ship source maps that point at `.ts` files, but the published packages do
+not include `.d.ts` files or `types`/`typings` metadata. Consumers currently
+hit missing-declaration errors for `@tko/build.knockout`,
+`@tko/build.reference`, and modular `@tko/*` imports.
+
+## Current State
+
+- Root `package.json` runs `bunx tsc --build tsconfig.dts.json`.
+- `tsconfig.dts.json` emits one
+  repo-level declaration bundle to `builds/dts/dist/tko.d.ts`.
+- Published package manifests currently ship only `dist/`.
+- Most package manifests expose JS through `exports` and `module`, but do not
+  point TypeScript at a published declaration artifact.
+- Consumers importing `@tko/build.knockout`, `@tko/build.reference`, or an
+  individual `@tko/*` package get missing-declaration errors because no
+  package publishes `.d.ts` files.
+- `builds/reference/types`
+  exists in the tree today but is empty, so there is no established generated
+  output contract yet.
+
+## Desired State
+
+- Each published package under `packages/*` generates `types/**/*.d.ts`.
+- `@tko/build.reference` generates and publishes `types/index.d.ts` as its
+  public declaration entrypoint.
+- `@tko/build.knockout` generates and publishes `types/index.d.ts` for the
+  backwards-compatible default import surface.
+- Package consumers resolve declarations from published artifacts, not from
+  repo-only source paths.
+- The repo still supports fast local typechecking against source via
+  `tsconfig.json` `paths`, but declaration generation uses a packaging-aware
+  pipeline.
+- Clean/verify scripts remove and rebuild `types/` outputs just like `dist/`.
+
+## Constraints
+
+- Do not weaken the current `moduleResolution: "bundler"` setup or the source
+  resolution that keeps local `tsc` fast and accurate.
+- Preserve the public JS entrypoints for all packages, especially
+  `@tko/build.knockout`.
+- Avoid introducing runtime dependencies into framework packages.
+- Treat manifest changes as public-package surface changes: the generated type
+  layout should be intentional and stable enough to publish.
+
+## Implementation Plan
+
+### 1. Replace the single-bundle d.ts strategy
+
+- Retire the current `outFile`-based `tsconfig.dts.json` flow.
+- Introduce a declaration-generation script or tsconfig setup that emits
+  workspace-local declarations into `types/`.
+- Add the types-folder to .gitignore
+- Scope the generator to the 27 publishable workspaces (`packages/*`,
+  `builds/reference`, `builds/knockout`) so the output layout mirrors publish
+  boundaries.
+- Emit declarations for `@tko/build.knockout` and `@tko/build.reference`
+  explicitly, because issue #384 reports both build packages as currently
+  untyped for consumers.
+
+### 2. Emit per-package declarations
+
+- For each package in `packages/*`, emit declarations rooted at
+  `types/index.d.ts` plus any sibling declaration files needed by imports.
+- Ensure emitted paths stay self-contained inside each package's `types/`
+  folder and do not point back to repo-only source files.
+- Verify that packages with re-export-heavy entrypoints still produce usable
+  published declarations.
+
+### 3. Bundle declarations for `@tko/build.reference`
+
+- Generate declarations for the reference build from its published entrypoint,
+  not from an ad hoc hand-maintained file.
+- Bundle or flatten the reference build's public type surface into
+  `builds/reference/types/index.d.ts`.
+- Make the bundled reference declaration the only public type entry for
+  `@tko/build.reference`, while its internal dependencies continue to publish
+  their own package-local `types/` folders.
+- Confirm the reference declaration captures the builder-created default export
+  shape and its re-exported public symbols.
+
+### 4. Generate declarations for `@tko/build.knockout`
+
+- Generate declarations from the knockout build's published entrypoint.
+- Preserve the KO-compatible default import surface so
+  `import ko from '@tko/build.knockout'` typechecks without depending on the old
+  `knockout` package or DefinitelyTyped.
+- Verify the declaration output is compatible with the runtime export shape and
+  does not accidentally advertise source-only internals.
+
+### 5. Update package manifests
+
+- Update every published workspace `package.json` to ship `types/` alongside
+  `dist/`.
+- Add top-level `"types"` entries that point at the generated declarations.
+- Add `"types"` conditions inside `exports` for the main entrypoint so bundler
+  resolution and published consumption agree.
+- Update `builds/reference/package.json` to publish its bundled declaration
+  entry from `types/index.d.ts`.
+- Update `builds/knockout/package.json` to publish its declaration entry from
+  `types/index.d.ts`.
+- Update the root `package.json`
+  scripts so `bun run dts` and `bun run clean` reflect the new output layout.
+
+### 6. Clean up ignored/generated artifacts
+
+- Extend ignore/cleanup rules so generated `types/` directories are treated the
+  same way as generated `dist/` output.
+- Remove any obsolete references to `builds/dts/dist/tko.d.ts`.
+- Decide whether the empty checked-in `builds/reference/types/` directory stays
+  as a generated path only or gains committed placeholders. Prefer generated
+  output only unless a tool requires the directory to exist.
+
+## Likely Files Touched During Implementation
+
+- `package.json`
+- `tsconfig.dts.json`
+- `tsconfig.json`
+- `.gitignore`
+- `builds/reference/package.json`
+- `builds/knockout/package.json`
+- `packages/*/package.json`
+- one new shared declaration-build script or supporting tsconfig files under
+  `tools/` and/or repo root
+
+## Verification
+
+1. `bun run dts` creates `types/` folders for every publishable workspace.
+2. `find packages builds -maxdepth 2 -name types -type d` shows the expected
+   generated directories and no stray `builds/dts` output.
+3. Consumer-style TypeScript smoke tests pass for:
+   `import ko from '@tko/build.knockout'`,
+   `import ko from '@tko/build.reference'`, and at least one modular
+   `@tko/*` import.
+4. `bun run build` still succeeds after the manifest changes.
+5. `bun run tsc` still typechecks against source without published-artifact
+   regressions.
+6. `bun run verify` passes, since this change touches shared packaging
+   infrastructure.
+7. Spot-check packed contents for at least one leaf package,
+   `@tko/build.knockout`, and `@tko/build.reference` to confirm both `dist/`
+   and `types/` would publish.
+
+## Release Notes / Follow-up
+
+- Add a changeset when implementation lands, because this changes the
+  published package layout and TypeScript consumption contract.
+- If declaration bundling for `@tko/build.reference` needs a new dev-only tool,
+  justify it explicitly in the implementation PR and keep it out of runtime
+  package dependencies.
diff --git a/tools/build-dts.ts b/tools/build-dts.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16ea9828a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/build-dts.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bun
+import { $, Glob } from 'bun'
+
+const tempOutDir = '.dts-tmp/emit'
+const buildWorkspaces = ['builds/knockout', 'builds/reference']
+const packageWorkspaces: string[] = []
+
+for await (const manifest of new Glob('packages/*/package.json').scan('.')) {
+  packageWorkspaces.push(manifest.replace('/package.json', ''))
+}
+
+const workspaces = [...packageWorkspaces.sort(), ...buildWorkspaces].sort()
+
+const WORKSPACES_EXPECTED_COUNT = 27
+if (workspaces.length !== WORKSPACES_EXPECTED_COUNT) {
+  throw new Error(`Expected ${WORKSPACES_EXPECTED_COUNT} publishable workspaces, found ${workspaces.length}`)
+}
+
+await $`rm -rf ${tempOutDir}`.quiet()
+await $`bunx tsc -p tsconfig.dts.json`
+
+for (const workspace of workspaces) {
+  const emittedTypesDir = `${tempOutDir}/${workspace}/src`
+  const packageTypesDir = `${workspace}/types`
+  const indexDeclaration = `${emittedTypesDir}/index.d.ts`
+  const result = await $`test -f ${indexDeclaration}`.nothrow().quiet()
+
+  if (result.exitCode !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Missing declaration entry for ${workspace}: ${indexDeclaration}`)
+  }
+
+  await $`rm -rf ${packageTypesDir}`.quiet()
+  await $`mkdir -p ${packageTypesDir}`.quiet()
+  await $`cp -R ${emittedTypesDir}/. ${packageTypesDir}/`.quiet()
+}
+
+await $`rm -rf ${tempOutDir}`.quiet()
diff --git a/tools/types-smoke/consumer.ts b/tools/types-smoke/consumer.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c69bfd1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/types-smoke/consumer.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import ko from '@tko/build.knockout'
+import reference from '@tko/build.reference'
+import { observable } from '@tko/observable'
+import { computed } from '@tko/computed'
+import type { Computed } from '@tko/computed'
+import { bindings } from '@tko/binding.core'
+import { DataBindProvider } from '@tko/provider.databind'
+import type { Provider } from '@tko/provider'
+import { parseJson } from '@tko/utils'
+
+const name = observable('TKO')
+const knockoutVersion: string = ko.version
+const referenceVersion: string = reference.version
+const bindingString: string = ko.expressionRewriting.preProcessBindings('text: name')
+const jsxTree = reference.jsx.createElement('div', null, name)
+const rendered = reference.jsx.render(jsxTree)
+
+rendered.dispose()
+
+// @tko/computed — Computed<T> is callable and its return type is T
+const doubled: Computed<number> = computed(() => 2 * 2)
+const doubledValue: number = doubled()
+
+// @ts-expect-error — Computed<number> must not be assignable to Computed<string>
+const _notComputedString: Computed<string> = doubled
+
+// @tko/binding.core — built-in bindings map has known keys
+const coreBindingCount: number = Object.keys(bindings).length
+const _hasTextBinding: boolean = 'text' in bindings
+
+// @tko/provider.databind — DataBindProvider must be assignable to Provider
+//   (exercises 3-level inheritance chain through generated .d.ts files)
+const dbProvider = new DataBindProvider()
+const _asProvider: Provider = dbProvider
+
+// @tko/utils — parseJson<T> returns T | null; null guard narrows to T
+const parsed: number | null = parseJson<number>('42')
+if (parsed !== null) {
+  const _narrowed: number = parsed
+}
+
+export { bindingString, knockoutVersion, referenceVersion, doubled, doubledValue, coreBindingCount, dbProvider, parsed }
diff --git a/tools/types-smoke/tsconfig.json b/tools/types-smoke/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cdb85948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/types-smoke/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "es2022",
+    "module": "es2022",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "strict": true,
+    "noImplicitAny": false,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "types": ["jquery"],
+    "lib": ["es2022", "dom"]
+  },
+  "include": ["./consumer.ts"]
+}
diff --git a/tsconfig.dts.json b/tsconfig.dts.json
index d8bdb939d..234366137 100644
--- a/tsconfig.dts.json
+++ b/tsconfig.dts.json
@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
 {
   "extends": "./tsconfig.json",
-  "compilerOptions": {   
+  "compilerOptions": {
     "noEmit": false,
     "emitDeclarationOnly": true,
-    "outFile": "builds/dts/dist/tko.d.ts",
+    "rootDir": ".",
+    "outDir": "./.dts-tmp/emit"
   },
+  "include": [
+    "global.d.ts",
+    "packages/*/src/**/*.ts",
+    "builds/reference/src/**/*.ts",
+    "builds/knockout/src/**/*.ts"
+  ],
   "exclude": [
+    "packages/*/src/**/*.d.ts",
+    "builds/reference/src/**/*.d.ts",
+    "builds/knockout/src/**/*.d.ts",
+    "**/spec/**",
     "node_modules",
-    "builds",
-    "docs",
-    "tools",
-    "**/spec/**"
+    "tko.io",
+    "tools"
   ]
 }